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No Events per Year

There is a constant growth in the number of events during the 1990s, with only a slight decrease in 1999. From 2001 onwards, the cases Iraq (25,9 %), Afghanistan (17,9 %) and Columbia (14,1 %) account for 57, 9 % of all cases. This indicates that the market for force in areas of limited statehood expands rather functionally than territorially.

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Distribution of Tasks

A common question related to the privatization of security is what kind of services PMSCs mainly supply. For areas of limited statehood the data illustrate that even though the whole range of services is provided the functional diversification is highly biased towards the lower spectrum of the scale.

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Core and Non-Core Tasks per Year

Since the end of the 1990s the consumption of security by public clients in areas of limited statehood seems to focus on the market segments Logistics support, Intelligence Quasi-police tasks (prevention) & border patrol and Security/Protection (individuals & facilities). Since 2001 the market share for Tasks 4-7 ranges between 41 and 52 percent.

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No of Companies per Year

Similar to the increasing events, the number of companies offering supplies to public actors rose steadily. Between the end of the 1990s and the year 2007 the number of companies active in areas of limited statehood more than tripled from 32 to 122. It can be assumed that the relative rise in the number of companies after 2001 is a response to the shifting demand due to the war fighting activities in Iraq and Afghanistan on the one hand, and the global war on terror on the other.

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No of Events on Client Base

At the end of the 1990s the client base changes significantly. At this point events with tasks provided for external clients outnumber events with public actors (e.g. governments) consuming tasks internally. This finding can be interpreted in two ways: Firstly, the data indicates that the demand side is shifting towards countries notably privatizing their foreign and security policies, especially in conflict zones. Secondly, this suggests that foreign governments are more and more applying private means of support rather than troubled governments contracting themselves.

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Episodes of State Failure with-without PMSCs

Relatively to the decreasing number of political instabilities, instances in which PMSCs were present during times of instability did in fact increase. The declining number of instability-years goes hand in hand with an increasing number of PMSC activities in the effected countries.

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Public & Private Interventions

The notion that PMSCs mainly provide security in countries where the international community is reluctant to intervene cannot be supported. In only 24,1 % of the years with political instability the sole presence of PMSCs was recorded, but 36,9 % of years with political instability displayed the presence of military interventions and PMSCs. Military interventions by external governments seem to bear special market opportunities for private military actors.